Research & Analysis
The Research & Analysis section of this website is designed to serve as a repository for community banking-related research and analysis. Published papers, working papers, and articles that focus on the community banking industry or on issues that directly impact community banks are included here and organized based on publication date or release date. The content and conclusions are the responsibility of the individual authors of these works and do not represent the opinions of the Community Banking Research Conference committee. The works are listed here for reference purposes only. The Community Banking Research Conference committee welcomes content suggestions for this section. Please email info@communitybanking.org with questions or suggestions.Click a document in the list below for detailed information.
This section contains all the papers associated with the annual Community Banking Research Conference, organized by year.
- A Failure to Communicate: The Pathology of Too Big to Fail
- Bank Failure Relationship Lending and Local Economic Performance
- Capital Regulation at Community Banks: Lessons from 400 Failures
- Do Community Banks Play a Role in New Firms' Access to Credit?
- Equipment Lease Financing: The Role of Community Banks
- Estimating Changes in Supervisory Standards and Their Economic Effects
- Financial Derivatives at Community Banks
- Performance of Community Banks in Good Times and Bad Times: Does Management Matter?
- Reforming the Regulation of Community Banks After Dodd-Frank
- Small Business Lending and Social Capital- Are Rural Relationships Different
- The Effect of Distance on Community Bank Performance Following Acquisitions and Consolidations
- The Future of Community Banks: Lessons From the Recovery of Problem Banks
- A Tiered System of Regulation Is Needed to Preserve the Viability of Community Banks and Reduce the Risks of Megabanks
- Assessing Targeted Macroprudential Financial Regulation: The Case of the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Guidance for Banks
- Did the JOBS Act Benefit Community Banks? A Regression Discontinuity Study
- Federal Policy, Market Distortions and the Challenges for Community Banks
- How Are Small Banks Faring Under Dodd-Frank?
- Rivalry, Market Structure and Innovation: The Case of Mobile Banking
- The Entry, Performance and Viability of De Novo Banks
- The Impact of the Small Business Lending Fund on Community Bank Lending to Small Businesses
- What Explains Low Net Interest Income at Community Banks
- When Bank Examiners Get It Wrong: Financial Institution Appeals of Material Supervisory Determinations
- Where Are All The New Banks? The Role of Regulatory Burden in New Charter Creation
- Accounting for the Decline in the Number of Community Banks since the Great Recession
- An Historical Loss Approach to Community Bank Stress Testing
- Did the Financial Reforms of the Early 1990s Fail? A Comparison of Bank Failures and FDIC Losses in the 1986-92 and 2007-13 Periods
- Explaining the Decline in the Number of Banks since the Great Recession
- Financial Performance and Management Structure of Small, Closely Held Banks
- Competition in Agricultural Lending Markets: The Effect of Including the Farm Credit System
- How Vulnerable Are Agriculturally Concentrated Banks to a Fall in Agricultural Land Values
- Post-Crisis Residential Mortgage Lending by Community
- Small Bank Comparative Advantage
- Small Business Lending Challenges and Opportunities for Community Banks
- The Changing Role of Small Banks in Small Business Lending
- The Direct Costs of Bank Compliance around Crisis-Based Regulation for Small and Community Banks
- The State and Fate of Community Banking
- Bank Business Models in the U.S.: Identification, Performance, Risks and Regulation
- Bank Size, Compliance Costs and Compliance Performance in Community Banking
- Commercial Lending Concentration and Bank Expertise -Evidence from Borrower Financial Statements
- Dodd-Frank Federal Deposit Insurance Reform
- Has the Relationship Between Bank Size and Profitability Changed
- Is Bigger Necessarily Better in Community Banking
- Is the Traditional Banking Model a Survivor?
- Why Banks Matter: Measuring the Impact of Banks on Missouri's Economy
- Color and Credit: Race, Regulation and the Quality of Financial Services
- Competition and Bank Fragility
- Core Profitability of Community Banks, 1985-2015
- Financial Crises and Filling the Credit Gap: The Role of Government-guaranteed Loans
- Regulatory Asset Thresholds and Acquisition Activity in the Banking Industry
- Risk-insensitive Regulation
- Rules and Judgment in the Oversight of Bank Accounting Practices
- The Effect of Bank Supervision on Risk Taking: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
- The Real Effects of Geographic Lending Disclosure on Banks
- CEO Succession and Performance at Rural Banks
- Depositors Disciplining Banks: The Impact of Scandals
- Did Bank Small-Business Lending in the U.S. Recover After the Financial Crisis?
- Home Biased Credit Allocations
- How Important are Local Community Banks to Small Business Lending? Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions
- Remote Competition and Small Business Loans: Evidence from SBA Lending
- Similarities and Differences in Small Business Lending Between Small and Large Banks: Findings from the Small Business Lending Survey
- Stress Testing Community Banks
- Technology Investment, Firm Performance and Market Value: Evidence from Banks
- The Effects of Competition in Consumer Credit Markets
- Bank Branching Networks and Geographic Contagion of Oil Price Shocks
- Bank Technology: Productivity and Employment
- Capital Mobility and Regulation Frictions: Evidence from U.S. Lottery Winners
- Deregulation, Market Structure and the Demise of Old School Banking
- Is There a Benefit from Reduced Regulation on Small Banks?
- Natural Disasters, Loan Loss Accounting and Subsequent Lending
- Reliance on Third Party Verification in Bank Supervision
- Risk-shifting, Regulation and Government Assistance
- Small Bank Lending in the Era of Fintech and Shadow Banking: A Sideshow?
- To Ask or Not to Ask? Bank Capital Requirements and Loan Collateralization
- What is Fueling the Fintech Lending Revolution? Local Banking Market Structure and Fintech Market Penetration
- Who's Holding the Bag? Regulatory Compliance Pressure and Bank Risk-Shifting
- Bank Entrepreneurs
- Big Banks, Household Credit Access and Intergenerational Economic Mobility
- Cyberattacks on Small Banks
- Government-Sponsored Wholesale Funding and the Industrial Organization of Bank Lending
- How Important Is Moral Hazard For Distressed Banks?
- Insurance Pricing, Distortions, and Moral Hazard. Quasi- experimental Evidence from Deposit Insurance
- Measurement of Small Business Lending Using Call Reports: Further Insights From the Small Business Lending Survey
- “Revitalize or Stabilize”: Does Community Development Financing Work?
- Shared Destinies? Small Banks and Small Business Consolidation
- The Propagation of Local Credit Shocks: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina
- Determinants of Losses on Construction Loans: Bad Loans, Bad Banks, or Bad Markets?
- Do Minority Banks Matter?
- Do Mortgage Lenders Compete Locally? Implications for Credit Access
- Fighting Failure The Persistent Real Effects of Resolving Distressed Banks
- Government Loan Guarantees in a Crisis: Bank Protections from Firm Safety Nets
- Mandatory Disclosure and Takeovers: Evidence from Private Banks
- Small Bank Financing and Funding Hesitancy in a Crisis: Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program
- Strategically Staying Small: Regulatory Avoidance and the Community Reinvestment Act
- The Effect of the PPPLF on PPP Lending by Commercial Banks
- The Life Cycle of a Bank Enforcement Action and Its Impact on Minority Lending
- The Real Effects of Bank Supervision: Evidence from On-Site Bank Inspections
- Bank Monitoring with On-Site Inspections
- Bank Loan Markups and Adverse Selection
- Non-Information Asymmetry Benefits of Relationship Lending
- The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders
- Bank Competition and Entrepreneurial Gaps: Evidence from Bank Deregulation
- “Let Us Put Our Money Together:” Minority-Owned Banks and Resilience to Crises
- The Benefits and Costs of Transparent Supervision of Public Banks: Evidence from Disclosure of SEC Comment Letters
- The Social Externalities of Bank Disclosure Regulation: Evidence from the Community Reinvestment Act
- Sentiment in Bank Examination Reports and Bank Outcomes
- The Age Gap in Mortgage Access
- The Procyclicality of FDIC Deposit Insurance Premiums
- Banks' Motivations for Designating Securities as Held to Maturity
- Dynamic Deposits: The Role of Inflows on Future Outflows
- Social Media as a Bank Run Catalyst
- Extreme Wildfires, Distant Air Pollution, and Household Financial Health
- Natural Disasters, Local Bank Market Share, and Economic Recovery
- As Dry as a Bone: How do Banks Cope with Droughts?
- Internal Loan Ratings, Supervision, and Procyclical Leverage
- Regulatory Risk Perception and Small Business Lending
- Can Credit Rating Affect Credit Risk? Causal Evidence from an Online Lending Marketplace
- Fintech Expansion
- Human Capital Investment and the Quality of Financial Services
- Banking on Deposit Relationships: Implications for Hold-Up Problems in the Loan Market
- Branching Out Inequality: The Impact of Credit Equality Policies
- Canary in the Coal Mine: Bank Liquidity Shortages and Local Economic Activity
- Credit Union Expansion and the Bifurcation in Local Bank Lending
- Depositor Characteristics and Deposit Stability
- Disciplining Banks through Disclosure: Evidence from CFPB Consumer Complaints
- Do Financial Consumers Discipline Bad Lenders? The Role of Disclosure Awareness
- Relationship Lending: That Ship Has Not Sailed for Community Banks
- Unexpected Gains: How Fewer Community Banks Boost Local Investment and Economic Development
- Variable Deposit Betas and Bank Interest Rate Risk Exposure
- The Decline of Branch Banking
- Poverty Spreads in Deposit Markets
- Banks’ Images: Evidence from Financial Advertising
- Remarks by CSBS President and CEO Brandon Milhorn
- Supervising Failing Banks
- When Banks Fail: Depositor Attention and the Cost of Funding for Survivors
- Bad Bank, Bad Luck? Evidence from 1 Million Firm-Bank Relationships
- U.S. Banks’ Artificial Intelligence and Small Business Lending: Evidence from the Census Bureau’s Technology Survey
- Regulation Meets Technology: Evolution of Small Business Lending in Underserved Areas Since 2007
- Data as Collateral: Open Banking for Small Business Lending
- Leverage Without Risk Weights: A Double-Edged Reform for Community Banks
- Mission-Driven Lenders
- Do Banking Regulations Disproportionately Impact Smaller Community Banks
- 2013 Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference: Town Hall Publication
- 2014 Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference: Town Hall Publication
- 2015 Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference: Town Hall Publication
- 2016 Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference: Town Hall Publication
- 2017 Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference Publication
- 2018 Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference Publication
- CSBS 2019 National Survey of Community Banks and Conference Publication
- CSBS 2020 National Survey of Community Banks and Conference Publication
- CSBS 2021 National Survey of Community Banks and Conference Publication
- 2024 CSBS Annual Survey
- 2025 CSBS Annual Survey
Each annual community bank survey dataset contains a different set of variables, some of which are new and some of which carry over from year to year. The variable names and answer keys can be found in the “Variables” links, and the raw data can be found in the “Data” links.